History of Azerbaijan

Garachay - Circassian is one of the republics forming Russian Federation. Republic was created in Soviet period. Most of people speak Garachay (or Karachay) language which belongs to Turkic language family. Republic is situated in the North Caucasus region, where The Great Caucasus range lays. So, the territory of Garachay - Circassian Republic is mostly mountainous and covered with forests. Also, many rivers flow from the area, Teberda, Karachay, Kubay are bigger ones. People mostly engaged in agriculture. You can meet herds of domestic animals everywhere. Furthermore, horses are the most loved animal, as the Karachays held nomadic and semi nomadic life during the history. Karachay - Circassian Republic can be proud of the hospitality of its people. They are nice, temperamental and sincere. Talking to and discussing topics with them are pleasure. Garachay - Circassian Republic has many historical and archaeological monuments. One of them Khumar

ОРНАМЕНТЫ КЕРАМИКИ ПЕРИОДА ПОЗДНЕЙ БРОНЗЫ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ Ключевые слова : Период поздней бронзы, орнаменты, керамика Территория Каваказа с древних пор играет роль моста соединяющего цивилизации Востока и Запада. Люди начали заселять эту территорию уже с периода палеолита. На территории Кавказа,и в частности в Азербайджане, который был центром возникновения нескольких археологических культур, протекали важные исторические процессы . Предметом изучения археологов, являются сложившиеся в период поздней бронзы Ходжалы-Кедабекская и Муганская археологические культуры . Характерной чертой этих культур, как и культур, более раннего периода, являются особенности керамики. Керамика периода поздней бронзы, наряду с орнаментами, дающими нам представление о культурной и духовной жизни, содержит также сведения о быте людей того периода. Ареал распространения Ходжалы-Кедабекской культуры охватывает западную часть Азербайджана-Гарабаг, Гянджа-Газахскую зону, а также прилегающие к Азер

The Maiden Tower or Giz Galasi is one of the symbols of Baku city, the capital of Azerbaijan Republic. Giz Galasi is used to date to the 12th century. But researches are continuing and shows that at least Maiden Tower was built in the 6th century BC. In the 12th century it was rebuilt or restored. And it was reconstructed by Masud Davudoghlu (one of the famous architect of that period). Height of the Maiden Tower is 28 m. Interesting point of that is the foot of Giz Galasi is 28 m below the level of World Ocean.  The use of Tower is still arguable. Some researchers say it was a temple, some think it was observatory while others argue on it was defence tower.  Nowadays, Giz Galasi is one of the touristic side in Baku, where in it operate museum. On the top of tower there is nice view of Baku city and Caspian Sea.

Bast or Bastet was ancient Egyptian goddess. According to  Wikipedia  Bast worshiped from the Second Dynasty period. She was the symbol of home, domesticity, fertility, women's secret, childbirth and cats. She protected house, women and children from evil spritis and diseases. Bast was one of the daughters of Egyptian sun god, Ra. The cat was the symbol of Bast. There were found lots of cat statues during archaeological excavations in Egypt. Also, there was found Bast figure from Ganja city, Azerbaijan. It is dated to the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age. This little figure is exhibited in the exposition of National Museum of Azerbaijani History. The photo below is the Bast figure found from Ganja.

Keywords: Late Bronze Age, Khojaly-Gedabey culture, zoomorphic ornaments, ceramics, pottery           The Bronze Age is an important period of Primitive Communal System, lasted more than three thousand years in Azerbaijan territory.Some essential changes in human’s life took place over this historical stage.It has to notice as the beginning human’s ability to learn pottery techniques with the help of pottery wheel and decoration of ceramics with certain descriptions by painting or carving among these changes.Generally, Bronze Age, which divides 3 periods are represented four great cultures itself. Naturally, differences among the cultures are observed on ceramic patterns.Khojaly-Gedabey, Nakhchivan and Talysh-Mughan archaeological cultures are spanned in The Late Bronze Age in the territory of Azerbaijan.           Khojaly-Gedabey culture covers the period from the middle of II millennium till the beginning of I millennium B.C. More than 150 monuments of this cult

One of the biggest massacres in the XX century was Khojaly genocide. In the 22nd of February of 1992 Khojaly village was destroyed and its inhabitants were killed. It was one of the tragedies of humankind.  #JusticeforKhojaly #justiceforkhojaly

After collapse of the empire of Alexander The Great in South Azerbaijan was formated state under rule of Atropat. State was called Atropatena after the name of its establisher king. Many centuries this kingdom lasted its existence and dynasty of Atropatis sovereigned there. Most scholars agree that the name of Azerbaijan comes from Atropatena, since it is changed form of that word. In Early Medieval Period territory was called as Aturpatakan, Adurbadagan, Adarbadagan. And aftar arab invasion as letter -"d' doesn't exist in arabic alphabet territory was used to write as Azerbaijan. And after some times territories from Darband city in the north till Hamadan in the south, Caspian Sea in the east till Eastern Anatolia in the west was called Azerbaijan. Coin minted after name of King Dari Atropati