History of Azerbaijan

Historical territory of Azerbaijan covers huge areas including in itself Darband city and Great Caucasus range in the North, Easteran Anatolia, Eastern Georgia in the West, Sultaniyye - Hamadan - Zanjan in the South and Caspian Sea in the East. These territories were inhabitated by different tribes during history and formatted Azerbaijani nation. Nowadays, more than 50 million Azerbaijanis live in the borders of mentioned above territories and outside of homeland. Azerbaijanis made extraordinary commitments the world human advancement living in the region of Azerbaijan for a large number of years. Wars, upheavals, military clashes, social-political procedures on the planet destructed Azerbaijan, a portion of the Azerbaijanis asked to leave their properties, expelled, left their nation with the reason to discover a work, and to get training and settled in various nations. Today Azerbaijanis live in each side of the world. The history of Solidarity Day of World Azerbaijanis sta...

After collapse of Nadir shah Afshar empire in the territories of Azerbaijan were formed little feudal states called khanate. These khanates were fighting each other, and some of them wanted to unite Azerbaijan. But their efforts were not enough for this idea.  One of the khanates was Tabriz. This city played great role in Azerbaijan history  as well as in Middle East. Tabriz city was the capital of many big states formed in Middle East. During the rules ofHulakid, Aghkoyunlu, Safevid and other states Tabriz was considered as the main city and capital. But Tabriz khanate was not so strong, and couldn't play its role in the unification of Azerbaijan. So, in the first quarter of XIX century Azerbaijan was the territory where Gajars dynasty and Russian empire were fighting. There occured two Russian - Iranian wars, after that historical territories of Azerbaijan was divided into two parts. Most part, including Tabriz city was given to Iran according to Gulustan and Turkmanchay...

It is the image of key of the Shusha fortress. Shusha is one of the ancient towns of Azerbaijan. It was destroyed during mongol conquests of the country. But later on in 1751 khan of Karabakh Panahali built new fortress there. Karabakh was independent after the collapse of Nadeer shah Afshar empire. So, its first head Panahalu khan pay attention to establish strong defence. He built three towers and one of them was Shusha. It is made of mostly river stones, cobble stones and plasters. It had three gates - Ganja, Erivan, and Aghoghlan gates are the entrances to the city.  The key we see on photo was given to Russian army as the symbol of accepting the Russian power. In 1805 Karabakh khanate and Russian empire was signed Kurekchay treaty. According this treaty Karabakh was accepting Russian imperial authority, but also was keeping its internal independence. So, after the agreement keys of the fortresses were given to Russian military forces.  Now, the key if Shusha fortres...

Photo below is the image of bridge which is situated on the river Tartar. It is im the centre of Barda city of Azerbaijan. According to historical sources bridge was built in the VI-VII  centuries AC. At that times Barda was one of the main cities in Azerbaijan which was the capital of Albanian state, and later became adminstrative centre of Arran region of Arab caliphate.  Tartar river was dividing Barda into two parts. Though ancient Barda city was bigger than modern Barda, now Barda city is divided into two parts by Tartar river, too. So there is new bridge there. Ancient bridge was built with fired bricks. Length of bridge was 170 m, and width 5 m. In historical period Tartar river changed its routes several times. So, some parts of bridge was destroyed by river flow. Only small part of this bridge now remaining. It is located on the right bank of Tartar river. In this coast of the river there is modern boulevard which local people and tourists come to rest and watch h...

Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan is the city which units East and West cultures in itself. If you walk in city you can observe mix of Islamic world and modern European culture. Ancient  modern and postmodern buildings are built in Baku during its existence. One of these buildings is the complex of Flame Towers. The complex with three buildings is the biggest in country. Construction of Flame Towers  started in 2007 and continued till 2012. The buildings consist of apartments, office blocks and a hotel. The facades of the three Flame Towers functuion as large display screen with more than ten thousand LED luminaires.

Trepanated skull was found in Aghdam region of Azerbaijan. In 1985 archaeological expedition to Chalaghantepe Chalcolithic settlement unearthed this wonderful artefact. The head of excavations was Ideal Narimanov, one of the leaders of Azerbaijani archaeology. Researches of skull show that it is most probably skull of woman. I. Narimanov thinks the operation was done by the surgery knife made of flint. We can observe traces of operationin near the broken lines of skull in the top part.  Artefact dating to the mid of V millenium BC. Nowadays it is being exhibited in The National Museum of History of Azerbaijan.