History of Azerbaijan

It is the image of key of the Shusha fortress. Shusha is one of the ancient towns of Azerbaijan. It was destroyed during mongol conquests of the country. But later on in 1751 khan of Karabakh Panahali built new fortress there. Karabakh was independent after the collapse of Nadeer shah Afshar empire. So, its first head Panahalu khan pay attention to establish strong defence. He built three towers and one of them was Shusha. It is made of mostly river stones, cobble stones and plasters. It had three gates - Ganja, Erivan, and Aghoghlan gates are the entrances to the city.  The key we see on photo was given to Russian army as the symbol of accepting the Russian power. In 1805 Karabakh khanate and Russian empire was signed Kurekchay treaty. According this treaty Karabakh was accepting Russian imperial authority, but also was keeping its internal independence. So, after the agreement keys of the fortresses were given to Russian military forces.  Now, the key if Shusha fortres...

Shahryeri is a historical - archaeological site in South Azerbaijan, nowadays, Sabalan ostan of Iran Islamic Republic. It is situated in the province Meshkin. Shaharyeri site is about  60 km to the west from Meshkin city. The area is one of the ancient settlements where exist many archaeological and historical monuments. In this region, there are also rock art sites which are waiting to be discovered by scholars - archaeologists. Most of them can be dated back to the Bronze age. Shaharyeri monument is believed to go back to the period of Urartu state. And there is a version that at that time Urartu occupied this territory and fired Shaharyeri. There are stone sculptures which look like stone balbals, but I suppose that they are more ancient than balbals. During our visit to Shaharyeri Iranian friends talked a lot of information about Shahryeri site. But, unfortunately, they were not scientifically proved and was the words of people who love their region. Hope one day to go back...

The map included to this blogpost was published in 1910 in Saint Petersburg, the capital of Russian empire. "A. F. Marks spciety" made big geographical atlas. It was named "Mark's Big World Table Atlas". That included in itself many maps of those times. Why we show this map in post. The main reason is that when we observe in this map - which were made by Russian geographers in Saint Petersburg - toponyms of modern Armenia are all in Azerbaijani language. There is no any Armenian words in the map in 1910. After Soviet occupatian of Azerbaijan, and creating Armenia SSR in the lands of Azerbaijan these toponyms were changed and armenized. The map is being exhibited in the National Museum of History of Azerbaijan.

Garachay - Circassian is one of the republics forming Russian Federation. Republic was created in Soviet period. Most of people speak Garachay (or Karachay) language which belongs to Turkic language family. Republic is situated in the North Caucasus region, where The Great Caucasus range lays. So, the territory of Garachay - Circassian Republic is mostly mountainous and covered with forests. Also, many rivers flow from the area, Teberda, Karachay, Kubay are bigger ones. People mostly engaged in agriculture. You can meet herds of domestic animals everywhere. Furthermore, horses are the most loved animal, as the Karachays held nomadic and semi nomadic life during the history. Karachay - Circassian Republic can be proud of the hospitality of its people. They are nice, temperamental and sincere. Talking to and discussing topics with them are pleasure. Garachay - Circassian Republic has many historical and archaeological monuments. One of them Khumar...

Keywords: Late Bronze Age, Khojaly-Gedabey culture, zoomorphic ornaments, ceramics, pottery           The Bronze Age is an important period of Primitive Communal System, lasted more than three thousand years in Azerbaijan territory.Some essential changes in human’s life took place over this historical stage.It has to notice as the beginning human’s ability to learn pottery techniques with the help of pottery wheel and decoration of ceramics with certain descriptions by painting or carving among these changes.Generally, Bronze Age, which divides 3 periods are represented four great cultures itself. Naturally, differences among the cultures are observed on ceramic patterns.Khojaly-Gedabey, Nakhchivan and Talysh-Mughan archaeological cultures are spanned in The Late Bronze Age in the territory of Azerbaijan.           Khojaly-Gedabey culture covers the period from the middle of I...

One of the biggest massacres in the XX century was Khojaly genocide. In the 22nd of February of 1992 Khojaly village was destroyed and its inhabitants were killed. It was one of the tragedies of humankind.  #JusticeforKhojaly #justiceforkhojaly

After collapse of the empire of Alexander The Great in South Azerbaijan was formated state under rule of Atropat. State was called Atropatena after the name of its establisher king. Many centuries this kingdom lasted its existence and dynasty of Atropatis sovereigned there. Most scholars agree that the name of Azerbaijan comes from Atropatena, since it is changed form of that word. In Early Medieval Period territory was called as Aturpatakan, Adurbadagan, Adarbadagan. And aftar arab invasion as letter -"d' doesn't exist in arabic alphabet territory was used to write as Azerbaijan. And after some times territories from Darband city in the north till Hamadan in the south, Caspian Sea in the east till Eastern Anatolia in the west was called Azerbaijan. Coin minted after name of King Dari Atropati

In 1918 bolshevik troops who get control in Baku and other eastern parts of Azerbaijan began massacres of Azerbaijani people. The head of bolsheviks was armenian murderer Shaumyan. The genocide was started in 29th of March. In 31st of March in 1918 there was terrible massacres in Baku city. The genocide continued till September 15. When the troops of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Qafqaz Islamic Army destroyed bolshevik terrorists and entered Baku massacres of Azerbaijani people stopped. National Tricolor flag was raised in Baku. In the result of 1918 genocide 70 thousand people were killed by bolsheviks and armenians.  Every year in 31st of March we recognize the victims of genocide. 

Lived in V century BC Herodotus begins his Book of “History” with these words: THESE are the researches of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, which he publishes, in the hope of thereby preserving from decay the remembrance of what men have done, and of preventing the great and wonderful actions of the Greeks and the Barbarians from losing their due meed of glory; and withal to put on record what were their grounds of feuds. In this case Herodotus shows the importance of ancient monuments in the learning of Ancient World`s history. And he identifies the principle duties of science of history. Bakikhanov starts his book “Gulustane Iram” : Living without knowing history is like to fall into the desert. Every nation has to learn history. Learning history of every nation, every state is nice job. So, these two historians correctly define duties of History, and show/note importance of it. Archaeology is one of the History sciences. In USA archaeology is learned as the branch of Anthropology...