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Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The beginings of the XX century was the period that Azerbaijani enlightenment movement came to the peak level. After collapse of Russian empire in 1917 in the territory of Caucasus were the battlefield of different political parties and movements. At all Azerbaijani deputies who were elected for the Russian empire Duma declared independence.
So, in 1918, on May 28 was declared Declaration of Independence. With this there were formed first ever republic in the muslim and turkic worlds – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The territories of new state was 114 sq.km surrounding South and South-East regions of Caucasus. Women got right for to elect and be elected. All citizens get the same rights without dependence on the race, gender, political views, ethnicity and etc.
Map of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 1919

In parlament, opened on December 7 in 1918 were represented all nations of Azerbaijan. First capital of Azerbaijan Republic was Ganja city. One of the ancient cities and culturel centres of our state. After Baku was liberated from the occupation of bolsheviks in 17the of September it declerad the capital of Azerbaijan. Baku was the main economical centre of the Caucasus since the end of XIX century. So, it became the capital.


The head of  Azerbaijan Republic was Mammad Emin Rasulzade. After government came to Baku, and parlament opened, head of parlament was considered head of the state. So, chair of parlament Alimerdan bey Topchubashev was the head of state and M. E. Rasulzade was only deputy in the parlament. The prime minister was Fataly khan Khoyski. Republic during its independence had 5 cabinets. F. Khoyski led first two cabinets, Nasib bey Yusfibeyli the next two cabinets. In 1920, January 11 Azerbaijan was de-facto recognized by Paris Peace conference. But, it did not last long. Azerbaijan was occupied by Soviet Russia on 28 April, 1920. Here was formatted Soviet Azerbaijan. Most of creater-leaders of our Republic were arrested, exiled or killed. Some of them were obliged to leave motherland. F. Khoyski and H. Aghayev were killed in Tbilisi, A. Topchubashev had to stay in Paris, M. E. Rasulzade went to Turkey.

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